Pharmaceutical Therapies for Necroptosis in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Cardiovascular disease morbidity/mortality are increasing due to an aging population and the rising prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, innovative cardioprotective measures are required to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity/mortality. The role of necroptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI-RI) is beyond doubt, but the molecular mechanisms of necroptosis remain incompletely elucidated. Growing evidence suggests that MI-RI frequently results from the superposition of multiple pathways, with autophagy, ferroptosis, and CypD-mediated mitochondrial damage, and necroptosis all contributing to MI-RI. Receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1 and RIPK3) as well as mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) activation is accompanied by the activation of other signaling pathways, such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), NF-κB, and JNK-Bnip3. These pathways participate in the pathological process of MI-RI. Recent studies have shown that inhibitors of necroptosis can reduce myocardial inflammation, infarct size, and restore cardiac function. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of necroptosis, the links between necroptosis and other pathways, and current breakthroughs in pharmaceutical therapies for necroptosis.

Intensity and Stationarity Analysis of Land Use Change Based on CART Algorithm.

Land use directly reflects degree of human development and utilization of land. Intensity analysis of land use is a quantitative method to analyze land use changes. In this paper, land use changes in Tianjin were studied using Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing image in 2015. Land use information was extracted using decision tree classification method based on CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm. This paper introduced land use intensity analysis to analyze its change intensity and stationarity, respectively at interval, category and transition levels. Based on the theory, new models were developed in the transition level to analyze land use change pattern. The analysis quantifies the contribution of a certain land categories to land use change during a specific time interval. The change of land use during 1995-2015 indicated that Tianjin experienced rapid urban development with the area of urban land increased by about 7.5%. This study provided a reference for the sustainable development of land use in Tianjin.